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Connectives & Conjunctions

-든지 (deunji) - Whether/Or

The connective ending -든지 (deunji) expresses free choice, indifference, or "any option is acceptable." It's similar to -거나 but emphasizes that the speaker doesn't care which option is chosen or that any option works.

Basic Function

-든지 expresses:

  1. Free choice - any option is fine
  2. Indifference - doesn't matter which
  3. Unrestricted options - whatever, whenever, wherever
  4. Conditional with any option - whether...or...

Translation: whether, or (with indifference), whatever, any, -ever (whatever, whenever, wherever)

Formation

Pattern: [Stem]든지

Always -든지 (no variation):

  • 가다 → 가든지 (whether go / go or whatever)
  • 먹다 → 먹든지 (whether eat / eat or whatever)
  • 크다 → 크든지 (whether big / big or whatever)
  • 좋다 → 좋든지 (whether good / good or whatever)

Like -거나, -든지 doesn't change based on vowel harmony or final consonant.

Basic Pattern: Free Choice

Pattern: [Option A]든지 [Option B]든지

Emphasizing "either one is fine":

  • 든지든지 해요. (Go or come, whatever. / Either go or come.)

  • 이것이든지 저것이든지 좋아요. (Either this or that is fine.)

  • 커피든지든지 마시세요. (Drink coffee or tea, whatever you like.)

Difference from -거나

-거나 (neutral alternatives)

  • 거나 와요. (Go or come.) - presenting options

-든지 (indifference/free choice)

  • 든지든지 해요. (Go or come, I don't care. / Either go or come.)

Key difference: -든지 emphasizes the speaker's indifference or gives complete freedom of choice.

With Question Words

Pattern: [Question Word]든지

Creates "any-" or "whatever-" expressions:

뭐든지 (whatever/anything):

  • 든지 먹어요. (I eat anything/whatever.)

  • 든지 좋아요. (Anything is fine.)

어디든지 (wherever/anywhere):

  • 어디든지 가요. (I go anywhere/wherever.)

  • 어디든지 괜찮아요. (Anywhere is okay.)

언제든지 (whenever/anytime):

  • 언제든지 오세요. (Come anytime/whenever.)

  • 언제든지 좋아요. (Anytime is good.)

누구든지 (whoever/anyone):

  • 누구든지 할 수 있어요. (Anyone can do it.)

  • 누구든지 환영합니다. (Anyone is welcome.)

어떻게든지 (however/any way):

  • 어떻게든지 할 거예요. (I'll do it somehow/any way.)

Expressing Indifference

Pattern: [A]든지 [B]든지 상관없다/괜찮다

Explicitly showing you don't care:

  • 든지든지 상관없어요. (Whether you go or not, I don't care.)

  • 든지 안 먹든지 괜찮아요. (Whether you eat or don't eat is fine.)

  • 이것이든지 저것이든지 상관없어요. (Whether this or that doesn't matter.)

Giving Complete Freedom

Pattern: [A]든지 [B]든지 하세요

Letting someone choose freely:

  • 든지든지 하세요. (Go or come, do whatever you want.)

  • 든지 마시든지 하세요. (Eat or drink, do as you like.)

  • 든지 일하든지 하세요. (Rest or work, whatever you prefer.)

With Action Verbs

Daily Activities

  • 주말에 쉬든지 일하든지 해요. (On weekends, whether I rest or work, whatever.)

  • 든지든지 운동하세요. (Walk or run or whatever, just exercise.)

  • 전화하든지 문자하든지 연락하세요. (Call or text or whatever, just contact me.)

With Descriptive Verbs (Adjectives)

States

  • 든지든지 상관없어요. (Whether big or small doesn't matter.)

  • 든지 나쁘든지 받아들여요. (Whether good or bad, I accept it.)

  • 비싸든지든지 살 거예요. (Whether expensive or cheap, I'll buy it.)

Unrestricted Actions

Pattern: [Action]든지 (anything goes)

With 뭐든지:

  • 든지 먹어요. (I eat anything.)

  • 든지 할 수 있어요. (I can do anything.)

With 어디든지:

  • 어디든지 갈 수 있어요. (I can go anywhere.)

With 언제든지:

  • 언제든지 전화하세요. (Call anytime.)

Expressing "Whether or Not"

Pattern: [Action]든지 안 [Action]든지

Whether do or don't:

  • 든지 안 가든지 결정하세요. (Decide whether to go or not go.)

  • 든지 안 먹든지 선택하세요. (Choose whether to eat or not.)

  • 공부하든지 안 하든지 당신 문제예요. (Whether you study or not is your problem.)

Alternative Pattern: [Action]든지 말든지

Whether do or don't (with 말다):

  • 든지든지 상관없어요. (Whether you go or not, I don't care.)

  • 믿든지든지 해요. (Believe it or not, whatever.)

Tense with -든지

Present/Future

Most common usage:

  • 든지든지 해요. (Go or come, whatever.) - present/general

Can Use with Past

Less common but possible:

  • 든지든지 몰라요. (Whether they went or came, I don't know.)

Irregular Verbs

All Follow Standard Pattern

Since -든지 is always -든지:

ㅂ Irregular:

  • 춥다 → 춥든지 (whether cold or)
  • 덥다 → 덥든지 (whether hot or)

ㅎ Irregular:

  • 빨갛다 → 빨갛든지 (whether red or)
  • 그렇다 → 그렇든지 (whether so or)

으 Irregular:

  • 크다 → 크든지 (whether big or)
  • 예쁘다 → 예쁘든지 (whether pretty or)

ㄹ Irregular:

  • 알다 → 알든지 (whether know or)
  • 살다 → 살든지 (whether live or)

With Copula 이다

Pattern: Noun든지

After consonant: -이든지

  • 학생이든지 선생님이든지 상관없어요. (Whether student or teacher doesn't matter.)

After vowel: -든지

  • 의사든지 간호사든지 괜찮아요. (Whether doctor or nurse is fine.)

Polite Offers

Pattern: [Option A]든지 [Option B]든지 하세요

Offering freedom of choice politely:

  • 든지든지 편하게 하세요. (Sit or stand, do as you're comfortable.)

  • 든지 계시든지 마음대로 하세요. (Go or stay, do as you please.)

Common Expressions

뭐든지 (whatever/anything)

  • 뭐든지 괜찮아요. (Anything is fine.)

  • 뭐든지 물어보세요. (Ask anything.)

언제든지 (whenever/anytime)

  • 언제든지 연락하세요. (Contact me anytime.)

  • 언제든지 환영합니다. (You're welcome anytime.)

어디든지 (wherever/anywhere)

  • 어디든지 좋아요. (Anywhere is good.)

  • 어디든지 갈 수 있어요. (I can go anywhere.)

누구든지 (whoever/anyone)

  • 누구든지 참여할 수 있어요. (Anyone can participate.)

  • 누구든지 질문하세요. (Anyone, please ask.)

Comparison: -거나 vs -든지

-거나 (simple alternatives)

  • 커피거나 차를 마셔요. (I drink coffee or tea.) - neutral listing

-든지 (free choice/indifference)

  • 커피든지든지 마셔요. (Coffee or tea, whatever you want.) - emphasizes choice is free

In Questions

Pattern: [A]든지 [B]든지 [Question]?

Asking with options:

  • 든지든지 할 거예요? (Are you going to go or come or what?)

  • 이것이든지 저것이든지 살 거예요? (Are you going to buy this or that or what?)

Expressing Extremes

Pattern: [Extreme A]든지 [Extreme B]든지

Even in extreme cases:

  • 든지든지 가야 해요. (Whether cold or hot, I must go.)

  • 비가 오든지 눈이 오든지 갈 거예요. (Whether it rains or snows, I'll go.)

With Conditional Meaning

Pattern: [Condition]든지

Whatever condition:

  • 어떻게 하든지 결과는 같아요. (However you do it, the result is the same.)

  • 뭐라고 말하든지 신경 안 써요. (Whatever they say, I don't care.)

Showing Indifference to Results

Pattern: [Action]든지 말든지

Do or don't, I don't care:

  • 믿든지든지 사실이에요. (Believe it or not, it's true.)

  • 좋아하든지든지 상관없어요. (Like it or not, I don't care.)

Common Patterns

Free Choice

  • 든지 먹어요. (Eat anything.)
  • 언제든지 오세요. (Come anytime.)
  • 어디든지 가요. (Go anywhere.)

Indifference

  • 든지든지 상관없어요. (Go or not, don't care.)
  • 이것이든지 저것이든지 괜찮아요. (This or that, fine.)

Offering Choice

  • 든지든지 하세요. (Sit or stand, whatever.)
  • 든지 일하든지 하세요. (Rest or work, as you like.)

Whether or Not

  • 공부하든지 안 하든지 당신 문제예요. (Study or not, it's your problem.)

Politeness Levels

Works with All Levels

-든지 itself is neutral; final verb shows formality:

Informal polite:

  • 든지든지 해요.

Formal polite:

  • 든지든지 하십시오.

Informal:

  • 든지든지 해.

Expressing Unlimited Scope

Pattern: 무엇이든지, 누구든지, etc.

Emphasizing "absolutely any":

  • 무엇이든지 할 수 있어요. (I can do absolutely anything.)

  • 누구든지 환영해요. (Anyone at all is welcome.)

  • 어느 때든지 연락하세요. (Contact me at any time at all.)